In this lecture, we will discuss the common clinical signs associated with primary rib tumors, diagnostic techniques, and recommended clinical staging tests. The techniques and some of the controversies of chest wall resection and reconstruction will be presented, including autogenous muscle flaps, prosthetic mesh, omental pedicle grafts, and diaphragmatic advancement. The prognosis for the two most common primary rib tumors, osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, will be discussed in detail.