Treatment of vertebral tumors are a significant challenge in veterinary medicine. Current treatment techniques in cats and dogs consist of surgery (with debulking surgery or marginal resection), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. However, local tumor recurrence rates are unacceptedly high and survival times are short. In human surgical oncology, the treatment of vertebral tumors has advanced from inadequate surgical resection to en bloc vertebrectomies with vertebral replacement. While these techniques are very challenging from a surgical perspective and require a dedicated team to improve success rates, the local tumor control and survival times are significantly improved compared to more conservative approaches. In this lecture, we will discuss experiences with vertebrectomy in dogs and the need to follow the trend in human surgical oncology to provide superior results in dogs and cats with vertebral tumors.